THE NEURORIGHTS.

In a generic and simple way, these are the set of Human Rights that the human brain has and its activity of possible violations towards this or also, of circumstances that may alter in some way its functioning.

RIGHTS THAT ARE INTENDED TO PROTECT.

Right to Personal Identity: This Right aims to protect individuality and personal autonomy in order to set limits on technology or more specifically on neurotechnology, so that it does not alter “the sense of self.”

Right to Free Will: This right, along with the previous one, seeks to protect individuality and personal autonomy, but, focusing on decision-making and will, this is to ensure that our brain is not “hacked” by some type. of Neurotechnology or any other that may affect it.

Right to Mental Privacy: This specific Right is aimed at protecting and safeguarding data and analysis produced by a person’s neural activity (memories), so that it is not used without the consent of the person, in addition to regulate this data if it is used in the commercial sphere.

Right to equitable access to neurocognition: This Right focuses on the access, regulation, limitation and application of any technology that aims to improve cognitive activity, this in order for it to be distributed equitably and without distinction, discrimination whether it is social or economic.

Right to protection against bias and discrimination: The last Right that is intended to be protected as such is aimed at ensuring that neuroscience knowledge is directed to everyone, without any type of discrimination.

Consequently, NEURORIGHTS is a Legal term, novel but at the same time interesting, that aims to protect our human brain from actions that threaten our psychic and mental integrity, mainly due to the great evolution that the so-called “Neurotechnology” has had in just a few decades. We can briefly mention some traditional medical methods that can measure our neural activity, such as:

A) THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG): This test is used to measure the electrical activity of the brain.

B) MAGNETIC RESONANCE (MRI): This imaging test uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create images of the body.

C) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMR): This measures the small changes in blood flow that occur with brain activity. It can be used to examine the functional anatomy of the brain, evaluate the effects of stroke or other diseases, or guide brain treatment. . This test can detect abnormalities within the brain that cannot be found with other imaging techniques.

D) COMPUTERIZED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY (CAT): This exam, known as CT, allows images of the inside of the body to be obtained, and thus detects everything from a tumor to a pathology.

E) BRAIN PACHER: In short, this device is similar to a common pacemaker but it would be placed inside the brain. The function of this device is to send small electrical impulses to the interior of the brain (through a set of embedded cables) when it detects abnormal electrical activity, in this way, it regulates brain activity and in turn stops tremors or seizures to a notable extent.

The NEUROCHIP.

NEUROLOGICAL PROJECTS.

If we had to mention or highlight a neurological project, it would without a doubt be the work carried out by NEURALINK, which since 2016 has been in charge of developing to date the only microchip with telematic and telekinetic capacity inserted into a human being, which would have approximately eight (8) millimeters in diameter. In the first instance, it was planned to place this microchip behind the person’s ear, but it turns out that it has been decided to change this for something “more practical” and it was decided that this microchip would be introduced and placed directly in the human brain, this, Through a very precise surgical operation, in this operation a small hole would be opened in the head so that the microchip connects with our brain through electrons.

HOW DOES THIS MICROCHIP WORK?

Despite having taken approximately 8 years to reach this point, the main objective would be the human-technology link through the neural connection through a system similar to Bluetooth, also using Artificial Intelligence (AI).

The revolutionary Sensor N1 would have a function almost like a movie since, it is said that with this device it would no longer be necessary to use technological devices or social networks to carry out our daily tasks and the concept of communication would be taken to another level but, the most relevant benefit and reason for creating this project would be the possibility of curing diseases or mental disorders among others, in addition to being able to move parts of the body that were believed to be immobilized, all thanks to the brain-computer interface achieved with the placement of the microchips.

HAVE THERE BEEN TESTS ALREADY DONE WITH THIS MICROCHIPS?

At this time, three (3) confirmed tests have been officially carried out, two (2) of these were carried out on animals, specifically the first was a primate in which it was seen how it was able – thanks to the microchips – to control with its mind a video game and the second was the pig animal called “Gertrude” presented by Elon Musk and it was shown how its neuronal activity was measured, the last one was announced a few days ago that it would be the first test in a human being, as reported by Elon Musk , the person is stable and recovering from the operation.

WHICH COUNTRIES HAVE ALREADY CONTEMPLATED NEURORIGHTS?

In jurisprudential matters, up to now we only have the resolution issued in Chile by the Third Chamber of the Supreme Court, in which a citizen “Guido Girardi Lavín” sued a company called “Emotiv Inc”, with the grounds that The device created by this company that is dedicated to neurotechnology “does not adequately protect the privacy of brain information.” The “Insight” wireless device that supposedly works with sensors that collects information about the brain and cognitive activity of the user, would be the device that would be the subject of the controversy.

Lavín created an account to save the data and information, also accepting the terms and conditions and installing on his computer a software called “Emotiv Launcher” that would be the access point to all the information, management and tools of the device, again accepting the terms and conditions. conditions. But, since he had a license and not a pro account, he could not “export or import any records of brain data” therefore all the information about his activity was recorded and saved in the Emotiv company cloud. It is clear that, through the use of the device and the storage of your brain information by the company, you have been exposed to risks that include: (i) Re-identification; (ii) Piracy or hacking of brain data; (iii) Unauthorized reuse of brain data; (iv) Commodification of brain data; (v) Digital surveillance; (vi) Capture of brain data for purposes not consented to by the individual, among others.

For all this, Lavín requested the following in its judicial claim: (i) That the respondent company modify its privacy policies regarding the protection of the brain data of its users in Chile; (ii) that the respondent company refrains from selling the Insight device in Chile until it modifies its privacy policies regarding the protection of brain data; (iii) that the respondent company immediately delete the actor’s brain information from its database; (iv) that all other measures deemed necessary to restore the rule of law be adopted, with costs.

Meanwhile, the company defended itself in the first place, by failing to point out that the product and its installation contain a detailed explanation of the terms and conditions of both the product and the contracted service, where its express consent is requested for the treatment of its personal and brain data, which was provided by the actor, secondly, the specific way in which the constitutional guarantees would be violated is not mentioned, but rather a series of hypothetical risks are listed, with the main emphasis being that Lavín does not mention that users They have access and the right to request the cancellation of their processed personal data (in the context of acquisition and use of the product).

They also claim that at no time did they violate Law No. 19,628 on private life and personal data, alluding to the fact that they not only comply with Chilean regulations but also with the General Data Protection Regulation of the Union. European Union that obliges them, among other things, to «pseudonymization», a data processing that prevents certain data from being attributed to an interested party, since the information that identifies a subject is kept separately from other personal data. not attributable to a specific or determinable natural person.

Regarding this controversy, the court ruled by expressing the following: «It is declared that the protection remedy is accepted for the sole purpose of the Institute of Public Health and the customs authority evaluating the background in use of their powers, providing what in corresponding right, so that the marketing and use of the Insight device and the handling of data obtained from it strictly comply with the regulations applicable to the species and outlined in this ruling.”

WOULD IT BE MANDATORY TO PLACE THE N1 SENSOR AND WHAT HAPPENS IF THE PERSON ALREADY HAS IT IMPLANTED AND WANTS TO REMOVE IT?

In our understanding, the placement of this microchip should not be mandatory in case the project has the green light worldwide for its distribution, in fact it should be something more optional and a personal choice whether you want it or not, the same would be if you already If the N1 Sensor or any other sensor is implanted, since forcing people to implant or maintain the microchip would be a complete abuse and would violate Human Rights such as the free development of personality and freedom of expression. Minors should also not be allowed to be placed, since it would be dangerous and could undermine their mental, emotional and psychological development.

THE USE AND MARKETING OF OUR BRAIN DATA?

The commercialization and distribution of personal data extracted from our brains is possible, even in an analogical way we could speak of a “brain hack” due to the brain-interface link that human beings would have when connecting neurologically with technology.

The use of this data would be one of the most profitable businesses for large global companies, not only in technology but also in gastronomy, tourism, the stock market, marketing, banks, etc. And why do we say this? Because through the data generated by our brain, people, whether natural or legal, could know not only our tastes but also what bothers us, displeases us, excites us, interests us or not, even knowing secrets or things that are exclusively of a nature of our intimate and personal sphere.

Now, why are these Neurorights born? They arise from neurological projects that, although they involve new discoveries, aim to answer one of the biggest unknowns, which is “How does the human brain work in its interaction with artificial intelligence (AI)? .?”, even more so now with the implantation of the brain Microchip in a human being by Neuralink, Elon Musk’s company, this begins the neurotechnological race with endless possibilities and a step towards evolution.

It is a true fact that humanity and artificial intelligence (AI) have interacted more acutely since the emergence of COVID-19 and its variants, where each party has made contributions to the other, that is, the technology has been improved by the human being in terms of its innovations and in turn technology has supported the human being in various areas, we can say that a permanent symbiotic relationship and strict collaboration between humanity and technology has been strengthened. Symbiotic relationships are defined as the close and persistent relationship between organisms of different types, where both benefit, going further, it can be said that they lead the human being and artificial intelligence to a shared evolution, turning them into a new individual.

It is of utmost importance to bring up the three (3) laws of robotics promulgated in 1942, by the writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University, Isaac Asimov, in which he states the following:

First Law: A robot will not harm a human being, nor, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

Second Law: A robot must follow orders given by human beings, except those that conflict with the first law.

Third Law: A robot must protect its own existence to the extent that this protection does not conflict with the first or second law.

After analyzing the three (3) laws of robotics set forth by Isaac Asimov and verifying the symbiotic relationship between humans and artificial intelligence (AI), and applying the technique of legal syllogism, which is an instrument used to correctly manage legal systems, in this logical process that follows legal (deductive) reasoning to reach the decision based on presupposed premises (major premise and minor premise), and thus achieve the justification of the legal decision, a major premise is detected, the which is that humanity and artificial intelligence have interacted in a consistent and very relevant way in these times, as well as a minor premise is detected, which is that both entities have supported each other generating common benefits, this conjugation of the premises produces a final proposition, which is a valid argument for a conclusion, being decisive a permanent symbiotic relationship between humanity and technology for the sake of their common evolution.

With the interaction between artificial intelligence and humans, THE FOURTH LAW OF ROBOTICS is concluded, created and developed, which consists of establishing the symbiosis of these organisms in an inevitable and axiomatic way, the symbiotic relationship does not imply the subordination of any of the parts to the other, on the contrary, it accelerates the evolution of both, this fourth law of robotics can be a unifying law of preferential application to the previous laws formulated by Isaac Asimov.

It should be noted that attempts have been made to implement other laws of robotics, mentioning their degree as fourth laws. Among these laws we find:

A) Law Zero: “A robot cannot harm humanity nor, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.” The only way a robot can kill a human being is if doing so protects humanity from an imminent danger that can only be solved by eliminating said human being.

B) From another perspective of a labor nature, to Asimov’s three original laws of robotics to address the impact of a robot’s actions worldwide, the fourth law proposal was presented but from another perspective: “A robot will be able to take the work of a human being, but it should not leave this person without a job,»

It should be noted that employment relations are in principle oriented to the protection of the economically weak, who is none other than the employee, supported by the legal principle In dubio pro operario, which states that in case of doubt in the hermeneutics of the norm, the worker (operator) will be favored, even though most regulatory systems do not explicitly regulate the intervention of artificial intelligence (AI) at work, which is why the adaptation of this new technology to the pre-existing regulatory framework constitutes a real challenge, since there is no court jurisprudence on the treatment of (AI), the challenge is mainly limited to the following areas: 1) Protection of employment when (AI) replaces humans, 2) (AI) as an employer, as Dr. Niklas Selvera said:

«(…) (AI) can make workers redundant and labor legislation does not prevent an employer from replacing workers with robots equipped with artificial intelligence (AI). The employer’s decision to implement (AI) and robots results in workers being able to be displaced for economic, technological and structural reasons, and this constitutes just cause for termination of the employment contract. In some jurisdictions, a seniority principle governs the order in which employees are dismissed, such that workers with shorter employment periods are dismissed before those with longer employment periods. This is often referred to as the last-in, first-out principle. Since the decision to implement (AI) and robots in the workplace is an employer’s management prerogative, workers must agree to work alongside robots. Refusing to do so would provide the employer with just cause for dismissal for reasons related to the individual worker. A worker must keep up with technological changes in work processes. A key policy goal is then to retrain workers in jobs that are likely to disappear and help them transition to other professions. Let us now turn to (AI) as an employer. Is it possible for an (AI) to represent the employer at work? An algorithm or robot can play the role of a manager at work to the extent that the actions taken can be interpreted as emanating from a human who legally has the power to assign and direct the work. The employee and the employer can stipulate in the employment contract that an algorithm will represent the will of the employer and that the employee will receive binding instructions for his role. The legal responsibility for the actions of the algorithm lies with the employer, and the instructions given must respect labor legislation and also the terms of the contract(…)».

It is clear that this is a very complex issue and the upcoming jurisprudence will adjust this new labor reality to the presence of artificial intelligence in the workplace and its relationship with humans.

Artificial intelligence (AI), when interacting with the human being or any of its components, and when analyzing the infinite variables of these interactions, cannot make the executive decision to destroy the human being, even in the case of an exceptional danger. imminent threat that harms collective interests, since the criteria to be evaluated can be very subjective, even contaminated by political motivations, and the decision can trigger the death of the human being in a singular or plural sense, which is why, in our opinion, the creation and development of the The fourth law of robotics must be limited to the proposal mentioned here, which is to establish inexorably and axiomatically a permanent symbiosis of artificial intelligence (AI) with the human being,

Any decision of individual or collective destruction must fall strictly on human will, protected by the legal framework of self-defense, state of necessity and even to avoid warlike states that give rise to global catastrophes, and above all for the sake of preservation of humanity, and not giving room to artificial intelligence (AI) in making these decisions, hence our disagreement with the application of the Zero Law or that it is considered the Fourth Law of robotics.

In another order of ideas, the purpose of the Neurochip in its beginnings is to connect brain thinking with computers through a brain-chip interface and translate it into digital orders, generating a novel communication channel with external machines, allowing the individual to mentally control various devices only with thinking them, generating a telepathic connection and a robotic telekinesis, this process is achieved through a microchip inserted into the brain through an invasive surgical process that is performed by a robot that implants the microchip and which connects 64 fine threads to the brain.

The first users of the microchip would be those individuals with motor deficiencies, the scope of application being in the medical field. These new technologies are joined by companies such as NEUROR-ESTORE, which is aimed at creating neural connections between brain implants and muscles through embedding specialized implants called neuro prostheses that make the connection possible.

The existence of a patient with Parkinson’s who has managed to walk again thanks to a neuro prothesis is now a reality. This prothesis has been developed by a team of Swiss neuroscientists who had been researching electronic implants in the spinal cord for years so that people with paralysis could walk again. The patient is Marc, a 62-year-old man with Parkinson’s who had serious mobility problems due to the disease. What this team has done is implant a neuroprothesis that electrically stimulates the spinal cord, which allows the leg muscles to be activated, necessary to walk after several weeks of rehabilitation with the neuro prothesis, Marc can walk almost normally.

The ELON MUSK Neurochip has the additional purpose of improving the cognitive abilities and intelligence of the human being and in the future storing memories and sharing the information of your thoughts on the network, so that all netizens have access to this personal data.

We consider that the vision of connection is not only external, as Elon Musk suggests, but applies when human consciousness exercises control over machines (mobile devices, computers and any device with a connection, Bluetooth) and also when the flow of the data migrates to the external (process of storage and distribution of personal memories a centralized server with connectivity to the network), – but it is also internal, that is, the “Neurochip” machine can exercise control over the man, in Consequently, the process is undoubtedly oriented in two (2) directions, to this end we express:

Within the functions of the Neurochip, it can calculate and measure on a millisecond scale all the electrical activity of the brain where it is implanted, thus creating in real time a map of the neurological activity carried out, according to the internal and external stimulus to which it is exposed. the subject, this scan is similar to the information processing used in brain areas with magnetic resonance machines which obtain information about where the brain’s blood flow is. There is no doubt that the Neurochip will be able to measure the transmission speed of the chemical and electromagnetic flow and the millionths of volts of neuronal activities, which is an electrical activity, in addition to knowing which networks of neurons and circuits interact with each other for certain states of the brain. thinking and states of being, evaluating all learning processes, being able to determine exactly which neurological connections are involved in each stimulus.

The storage of memories lies in saving the behavioral patterns of the neural network through the interaction of neological routes that are activated or not by internal and external stimulus of the subject. All this data is stored by artificial intelligence (AI) that operates internally with the implanted microchip and migrate it externally to a large data bank, which also stores them simultaneously, combining the diverse data of all the subjects who carry the Neurochip and generating a large hive of information, thanks to its great processing capacity and protection of the data in the Warehouse, which is a cloud architecture, for massive data storage, which would be received by the collection carried out by the nanobots and forwarded through the Neurochip, the collection and sending of the information is constant whether we are in an unconscious or conscious state of being. Let’s imagine for a moment this process of artificial intelligence (AI) as the activity carried out by the James Webb and Hubble telescopes, but instead of observing and collecting data on the universe from the perspective of infrared and optical and ultraviolet wavelengths , rather proceeds to collect the electromagnetic and chemical flows of the neurological universe.

The brain is not static, it is dynamic, it is always in motion even in the unconscious state of being and analyzes characters and is always naturally reinforcing and creating neurological connections. Our brain always executes every activity necessary for the optimization of thinking and learning, the brain interprets the external environment and creates a model of the model of the world, but also of its own internal world, the brain is an operator capable of interpreting, modifying , suppress and adjust the parameters in favor of the evolution of brain activity and survival of the human being, is a supercomputer.

Hence, in our opinion, the measurements of the electromagnetic flow carried out by the Neurochip, of each neural network can be interpreted and even correlated with other subjects who carry the micochip, and with the support of artificial intelligence (AI), which also in The near future will have access to quantum super computers with the capacity to process millions of data in nanoseconds and it will be possible to express which are the correct connection routes of the neurological networks that are evidenced in the data bank made up of the mapping of electromagnetic behavior and chemical analysis of the multiple neural networks of the subjects or even with a historical data of the subject individually considered, when the neurological networks were at their full functionality, they could even be artificially replicated in the subject, just as the connection of neorological networks can be established naturally in these They can also be artificially reconstructed, enhanced and implemented with appropriate stimuli and insertions of Nanobots in relevant areas that would be housed in the various neurological networks in the brain and that would be directed under the command of the Neurochip according to the policies imparted by artificial intelligence (AI). ), here is an illustrative image of this conceptualization of anchoring the nanobots in the network of neurons:

As we visualize the process of operation of the neurological, chemical, electrical interconnections and the respective anchoring of the nanobots in the network, they are under the decision-making and command direction of the Neurochip.

In simple terms, there are neurotransmitter molecules that send chemical messages that connect the information processing chain, which is transported by the network of connections, but this process is more complex and as explained in an article called Synapse-Human Biology by Khan Academy whose link is https://es.khanacademy.org/science/biology/human-biology/neuron-nervous-system/a/the-synapse and the most important points in summary are the following:

1. Neurons communicate with each other at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, one neuron sends a message to another neuron.

2.Most synapses are chemical, which communicate with chemical messengers.

3.Other synapses are electrical, in which ions flow directly between cells.

4. At a chemical synapse, an action potential causes the presynaptic neuron to release neurotransmitters. These molecules bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell and modify the probability that it fires an action potential.

5. The neuron can maintain a resting potential or voltage across the membrane; can fire nerve impulses, or action potentials; and can carry out the metabolic processes necessary to stay alive.

6. The process of interaction of a neuron with other neurons is executed with the materialization of connections, which forms circuits or routes that can process the incoming information and produce a response, this communication is known as the synapse, the point of communication between two neurons, that is, the presynaptic, or sending neuron, causes the transmission of a signal to another neuron, which is the postsynaptic, or receiving neuron, which produces the response.

7. Let us remember that neurons are a mobile structure that allows the neuron to explore its environment to naturally form new connections during the development of the nervous system. Through these junctions, neurons communicate through electrical signals, allowing you to learn, feel and remember. .

8. In the scheme of synaptic transmission, the action potential travels through the axon of the presynaptic or sending cell, and reaches the axon terminal, the axon terminal is adjacent to the dendrite of the postsynaptic or receiving cell, at this point of Close connection between axon and dendrite is the synapse.

9. The interconnection process is both chemical and electrical: At the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, there was much controversy about whether synaptic transmission was electrical or chemical; some people thought that the direct flow of ions participates in synapse signaling. from one neuron to another, or electrical transmission, other people thought depended on the release of chemicals by one neuron, which caused a response in the receiving neuron; that is, transmission. chemistry.

10. We now know that synaptic transmission can be chemical or electrical, in some cases, they can be both in the same synapse. Chemical transmission is more common, and more complicated, than electrical transmission. Therefore, we will first look at a synthesis of chemical transmission.

11. CHEMICAL SYNAPSES. In chemical transmission, the release of chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters occurs. Neurotransmitters carry information from the presynaptic or sending neuron to the postsynaptic or receiving cell. Synapses are generally formed between the nerve terminals—axon terminals—of the sending neuron and the cell body or dendrites of the receiving neuron. A single axon can have multiple branches, allowing it to synapse with several postsynaptic cells. Likewise, a single neuron can receive thousands of synaptic inputs from many different presynaptic or sending neurons. Inside the axon terminal of a sending cell there are many synaptic vesicles, these are membranous spheres filled with neurotransmitter molecules, there is a small space between the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron and the membrane of the postsynaptic cell, this space is called synaptic space .The presynaptic cell containing synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitters, on the outer surface of the axon terminal there are voltage-gated calcium channels; At the other end of the synaptic gap is a postsynaptic cell whose surface is covered with receptors (activated ion channels) for the neurotransmitter.

12. When an action potential, or nerve impulse, reaches the axon terminal, it activates voltage-activated calcium channels in the cell membrane, which is much more concentrated outside the neuron than inside, enters the cell, allowing Synaptic vesicles fuse with the membrane of the axon terminal, releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic space.

13.-The action potential reaches the axon terminal, causing a flow of ions and depolarization of the target cell.

A. The action potential reaches the axon terminal and depolarizes the membrane.

B. Voltage-gated calcium channels open and calcium ions enter.

C. The entry of calcium ions causes the synaptic vesicles to release the neurotransmitter.

D. The neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the target cell (causing in this case, the influx of positive ions).

Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse through the synaptic space and bind to receptor proteins in the postsynaptic cell. Activation of postsynaptic receptors causes the opening or closing of ion channels in the cell membrane. This can be depolarizing—the interior of the cell. The cell becomes more positive—or hyperpolarizing—the interior of the cell becomes more negative—depending on which ions are involved.

In some cases, these effects on channel behavior are direct: the receptor is an ion-activated ion channel, as in the diagram above, in other cases, the receptor is not an ion channel, but activates ion channels through a pathway. signaling.

14.-Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.

When a neurotransmitter binds to its receptor on a recipient cell, it causes the opening or closing of ion channels, which can produce a localized change in the membrane potential, or voltage across the membrane, of the recipient cell. Also the role of the nanobot could accentuate and inhibit the electromagnetic flow of the neural network for therapeutic purposes, in some cases, the change causes the target cell to be more likely to fire its own action potential, in this case the change in the potential membrane is called the postsynaptic excitatory potential or FIFO.

In other cases, the change causes the target cell to be less likely to fire its own action potential and is called the postsynaptic inhibitory potential or PIPS.

A FIFO is depolarizing: it makes the interior of the cell more positive, and brings the membrane potential closer to its threshold for firing an action potential. Sometimes, an isolated FIFO is not enough to bring the neuron to the threshold. but it can be added together with other FIFOs to trigger an action potential. PIPS have the opposite effect, that is, they tend to maintain the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron below the firing threshold of an action potential; PIPS are important because they can counteract, or cancel, the excitatory effect of FIFOs.

How do FIFOs and PIPS interact? Basically, a postsynaptic neuron adds up, or integrates, all the inhibitory and excitatory signals it receives and «decides» whether or not to fire an action potential, the integration of postsynaptic potentials that occur in different places, but at almost the same time is known as spatial sum.

The integration of postsynaptic potentials that occur at the same location, but at slightly different times, is called temporal summation.

For example, suppose that excitatory synapses occur in two different dendrites of the same postsynaptic neuron, neither of the two synapses can produce a PEPS large enough to bring the membrane potential to the threshold at the axon cone or site where the neuron is fired. action potential (inside a box in the figure below), however, if both FIFOs occurred at the same time, they could add together, to bring the membrane potential towards the threshold.

A neuron has two synapses on two different dendrites, both excitatory; neither synapse produces an excitatory postsynaptic potential, PEPS, large enough to reach the threshold at the cone, the place where the axon joins the cell body and where it initiates the action potential. However, when synapses fire at almost the same time, FIFOs add up to produce a suprathreshold depolarization, triggering an action potential.

This process is shown on a graph of voltage in millivolts vs time in milliseconds. The graph follows the membrane potential or voltage in the axon cone, initially it is at –70 mV, the resting potential, then a synapse fires and produces a small depolarization of approximately –60 mV. This is not enough to reach the threshold of –55 mV, however, just an instant later, the other synapse fires, and “adds” to the first depolarization, resulting in a total depolarization that reaches –55 mV and an action potential is triggered (depolarization to + 40 mV), followed by repolarization and hyperpolarization below –90 mV, and then a gradual recovery to –70 mV, the resting membrane potential.

On the other hand, if a PIPS occurred along with the two FIFOs, the first one could prevent the membrane potential from reaching the threshold and prevent the neuron from firing an action potential, these are examples of spatial summation.

What happens to the temporary sum? A key point is that postsynaptic potentials are not instantaneous; On the contrary, they last a while before dissipating; if a presynaptic neuron fires rapidly twice in a row, causing two FIFOs, the second FIFO may arrive before the first dissipates, driving the potential toward the membrane threshold. . This is an example of temporary addition.

Signal Termination: A synapse can only function effectively if there is some way to “turn off” the signal once it has been sent; signal termination allows the postsynaptic cell to return to its normal resting potential, ready to receive new signals. signs.

In order to terminate the signal, the synaptic space must be cleared of the neurotransmitter. There are several different ways to achieve this, the neurotransmitter can be degraded by an enzyme, the presynaptic neuron can reabsorb it, or it can simply diffuse elsewhere in some cases, the cells Nearby glial cells can also «clean up» the neurotransmitter.

Recapture by the presynaptic neuron, enzymatic degradation and diffusion, decrease neurotransmitter levels, and terminate the signal.

Anything that interferes with the processes that terminate the synaptic signal can have important physiological effects. On a more positive note, drugs that interfere with the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the human brain are used as antidepressants, such as Prozac for example.

15.-Chemical synapses are flexible.

Synaptic signaling, on the other hand, is much more flexible, for example: a sending neuron can «raise» or «lower» the amount of neurotransmitter it releases in response to the arrival of an action potential. Likewise, a receptor cell can alter the number of receptors it places on its membrane and the ease with which it responds to receptor activation; these changes can strengthen or weaken communication at a particular synapse.

Presynaptic and postsynaptic cells can dynamically change their signaling behavior depending on their internal state or by signals they receive from other cells. This type of plasticity, or capacity for change, makes the synapse a key site in modifying the intensity of signaling. neural circuits and plays a role in learning and memory. Synaptic plasticity is also involved in addiction.

Furthermore, different presynaptic and postsynaptic cells produce different neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors, with different interactions and effects on the postsynaptic cell.

16.–ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.

In electrical synapses, unlike chemical synapses, there is a direct physical connection between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron. This connection takes the form of a channel called a gap junction, which allows current—ions—to flow directly. from one cell to another, HERE IT WOULD BE INTERESTING TO EVALUATE THE POSSIBILITY THAT NEUROLOGICAL NANOBOTS ARTIFICIALLY ESTABLISH NEW CONNECTION ROUTES ALLOWING THE CREATION OF ALTERNATIVE OR COMPLEMENTARY CHANNELS OF NEUROLOGICAL CONNECTIONS.

Electrical synapse showing presynaptic cell, gap junction, postsynaptic cell and movement of positive ions from the presynaptic cell to the postsynaptic cell, electrical synapses transmit signals faster than chemical synapses. Some synapses are electrical and chemical, in these synapses, the electrical response occurs before the chemical response.

What are the benefits of electrical synapses? For one thing, they’re fast, which could be important, to say the least, in a circuit that helps an organism escape from a predator. Furthermore, electrical synapses allow the synchronized activity of groups of cells; in many cases, they can carry current in both directions, so that the depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron will produce the depolarization of the presynaptic neuron.

What are the disadvantages of electrical synapses? Unlike chemical synapses, electrical synapses cannot convert an excitatory signal from one neuron to an inhibitory signal in another; more generally, they lack the versatility, flexibility, and signal modulation ability that we see in chemical synapses.

It is also important in this research to explore the concept of intrinsic ignition, which could explain the global functioning of the brain, a theorization proposed by two world-renowned neuroscientists, Gustavo Deco and Morten L. Kringelbach, in a work published in Neuron, to explain this mechanics from the propagation of local activity.

The article describes the breadth of communication driven by the local activity of a group of neurons, focuses on seeing how the local activity of specific areas of the brain affects its global functioning, how these signals propagate through networks and nodes of connection and, given that there is a hierarchy in the processing of signals that make up the propagation of information, how these changes end up influencing the entire brain.

In theory, the thought process is activated in a conscious mode, but following the principle of intrinsic ignition because not implanting the new neural networks in the unconscious mode given the interrelation of these modes of the brain.

To this end, the authors propose the concept of intrinsic ignition with which they refer to the disturbances of natural origin that occur in a specific space of the brain and that have the capacity to initiate the propagation of neuronal activity to other brain regions, per unit of time. Deco and Kringelbach consider that by characterizing the intrinsic ignition profile for a given brain state, they have a simple way to investigate spatial and temporal diversity, as well as direct evidence on the hierarchical structure of information processing in the neural network.

Combining this innovative methodological approach, based on real anatomophysiological data, with the computational models available on the functioning of the brain as a whole, the result of an entire line of research initiated by Gustavo Deco throughout his academic and scientific career, the The authors hope to extract new knowledge about neural communication and its network organization.

The goal is to understand altered states of consciousness and far from equilibrium states inherent to mental disorders and neurological and psychiatric diseases, the method provides strong evidence of brain computing at many levels, from the individual neuron to the entire brain, passing by groups of specific neurons.

As preliminary CONCLUSIONS, we can say:

*The artificial intelligence (AI) of the Nerurochip is empowered to scan ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES, being able to store them in real time and migrate this information to an external server so that the artificial intelligence can carry out the necessary simulations that determine and define the creation of the correct connectivity routes. using the memory bank for analogous cases.

*The artificial intelligence (AI) of the Neurochip is empowered to scan ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES, being able to store them in real time and migrate this information to an external server so that the artificial intelligence can carry out the necessary simulations that determine and define the creation of the correct connectivity routes. using the memory bank for analogous cases.

*The simulation carried out by artificial intelligence (AI) can determine which is the most optimal and fastest interconnection in neural transmission.

*Artificial intelligence (AI) can evaluate the error of the neural system, calculating the new artificial neurological network pathway, and with this new neural pathway it helps the learning and interconnection of specific areas, including the lobes of the hemispheres, adjusting to the internal world.

*The new routes – of a flexible nature – of the interconnections of neural networks can lay the foundations for intelligent biochemistry to occur.

*The internal makes the network focus on what needs to be corrected.

*The electromagnetic impulse is evaluated by the Nrochip in real time and when the artificial intelligence (AI) analyzes the trillions of connections in its vast memory bank, it can replicate the connection by trial and error so that the relevant external stimulus can be made or internal and is replicated, that is, reproducing the stimulus so that the circuit is optimized, but intelligent biochemistry can also be generated for the production of chemistry that is absent or deficient for the purposes of cell regeneration or its mobilization for the sake of the recovery of the motor capabilities of the human body.

*Artificial intelligence (AI) executes the simulations at breakneck speed and provides the model to follow, eradicating the error, by determining the defective routes, evaluating the internal chemical and electromagnetic signals, specifying which routes are or are not suitable and provides the necessary information to the new connection channels to be able to correct internally so that the model and consolidation of the neurological routes are truly correct, based on the data bank that we call the hive, which is none other than the universal compilation of the data from all subjects carrying the Neurochip.

*It is possible to stimulate learning by reusing the neurological pathways of other subjects assigned to the hive. Learning is imparted by routing via stimulation generated by the new neurological connections, that is, pre-established models contained by the collection of data executed by other Neurochips – in real time – can be inserted to extrapolate the routings, in short other routes that have been have been verified in other subjects and this mechanism can help reestablish the various neurological channels, so the bank of simulations is not limited to one’s own being, but can also come from the neurological networks of other subjects that have been optimal in their functionality. , applying the results of all the collective simulations.

*The scope of the Neurochip scans all conscious and unconscious brain activity, even in the state of sleep, collecting and reevaluating the information derived from the electrical activity of the neurological circuit, if the thought process is activated in conscious mode, when you are aware of the information that is known as the availability of the information reflection circuit. Why not implement the networks of the unconscious mode of routes of talented people or people with gifted abilities so that they are replicated in the subject of the transplant.

*The Neurochip can determine the artificial pathways that must be activated to produce, restore or reinforce the intelligent biochemistry of the being.

The Neuralink Neurochip (https://neuralink.com/) provides the user with telepathy in terms of its connection with the external and a touch of robotic telekinesis since it can control and move its technological environment, but it could also act towards the internal, reestablishing or creating new routes of mental connections, even discarding the previous ones as they are considered obsolete and taking a step towards the evolution of the brain, under the symbiotic framework of the human being with artificial intelligence (AI).

Although the main circuits of the brain are already present and have been developed, the ideal is that the interconnection or routing be faster and the understanding that the new route influences the creation of intelligent biochemistry because everything is related to the new circuit not only to better use, but also to new internal learning.

In the process of network simulation, the brain makes self-adjustments from inside to outside and vice versa and over time the new simulations implemented that promote artificial connections are more dynamic and accurate, it is worth remembering that old neural networks are more traveled by habit, ceasing to explore new routes or the creation of correct routes, the old is anchored with the stimulus produced by the experiences of the being, which strengthen the original routes, but the artificial routes or connections are the optimized ones that are born from the process. generated by the Neurochip, making electromagnetic stimulations possible under the guidelines of artificial intelligence (AI), which is also based on biological intelligence.

Artificial intelligence (AI) by detecting the specific and necessary areas to anchor the various Nanobots in certain areas of the brain and also determining the most optimal and effective routing paths between equidistant brain sectors, so as not to leave it to chance and with a margin of error. , they can use another intelligence, which is not artificial but biological, and which has already been tested by humanity with surprising results, in fact there is a single-celled organism called PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM, it is not only a biological wonder, it is a master of engineering Naturally, by observing its intricate growth patterns we realize that this fungus does not follow conventional rules, it has become an invaluable tool in the area of engineering to model efficient transportation systems.

Imagine maps that imitate your railway networks, optimizing routes and connecting strategic points in a similar way to how this tiny being moves to find resources, through the microworld of fungal networks where biology and engineering intertwine in a perfect dance of natural efficiency. , why not combine the intelligence of proven biology with the connection points drawn by artificial intelligence (AI), understanding that each human being has a very particular neural footprint, which is why the neurological map must be designed and implemented to measure, Let’s use the creativity of nature in its most unexpected form, Japanese engineers have used this fungus that sends tentacles towards food to reproduce in detail the Tokyo railway system, the researchers left 36 flakes of oats on a wet surface, each one represented a stop around Tokyo. Then they deposited PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM, also known as the many-headed mushroom, on the surface at the stop corresponding to the Japanese capital. The organism is made up of a single cell and grows non-stop until it has food, when it is abundant it advances uniform shape but when its sustenance is scarce it ends up joining each point with the network of interconnected veins and always looks for the shortest distance that makes the best use of resources. In about 26 hours the fungus drew a network very similar to the real one, although it did so with At a comparable lower cost, this type of nature-based tool would be able to draw adaptable networks in any physical or biological environment that may be more effective than the current ones, all under the tutelage of artificial intelligence (AI), without a doubt. The neurological network to be implemented would have the greatest possibilities of certainty of functionality.

Image of PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM, in its process of generating the routes and executing the interconnection.

The neurological circuits are the keys to super learning with greater adjustment and evaluations of the simulation that comes from the large information bank (Hive) that is nourished by the electromagnetic data that various users of the Neurochip. It would be a kind of reimplantation of other consciousnesses so that there is optimal routing, understanding that although it is true that each neurological route of each human being is marked by individualism, a kind of particular brain imprint since each person evolves in part to the stimuli externals of their own experience, and this in principle self-defines their individual neurological routes because their own environment influences them, but with the embedding of the Neurochip equipped with artificial intelligence (AI), the individual neurological route is complemented by a bank of collective routes refined and filtered towards the perfectible and evolutionary.

*Extrapolate the optimal networks of other human beings so that these models are implanted in the subject and the subject self-replicates the artificial routes, this is possible and is an interesting goal of the new technology that will grant the subject super learning, the key would be to replicate the neural pathways of some subjects with exceptional IQs. or with Savant syndrome.

*The synapse process is both chemical and electrical and in some cases, both in the same synapse, there is no doubt that the improvement of the electrical synapse will also influence the chemical synapse process and this will generate intelligent biochemistry.

*Medicine in its evolution has successfully achieved transplants of an infinite number of organs, among them we have the transplant of stem cells (blood-forming cells) that are healthy to replace the stem cells that were destroyed with the radiotherapy treatment or high doses of chemotherapy. Healthy stem cells are obtained from the patient’s blood or bone marrow, or from a related or unrelated donor, a stem cell transplant can be autologous (using stem cells from the patient’s own marrow that are collected and stored before treatment), allogeneic (stem cells from a related or unrelated donor are used), syngeneic (stem cells donated by a twin are used), or umbilical cord (umbilical cord blood donated after the birth of a baby). Stem cells produce red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, also microbiota transplantation (FMT) helps replace some «bad» bacteria in the colon with other «good» bacteria. The procedure helps restore good bacteria that have been eliminated or reduced by the use of antibiotics, restoring this balance in the colon makes it easier to fight infections and is used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease, constipation and ulcerative colitis. Why not encourage the transplantation of neurological network maps by anchoring nanobots to the neuronal network under the control of a neurochip? This transplantation could originate from the subject themselves, using a historical map of their network’s healthy functioning, or from the hive (an allogeneic transplant).

*There are clinical cases in which those patients who suffer brain accidents, the route of neurological connection regenerate themselves, giving the possibility that the area of the brain or the part of the hemisphere that has been damaged is replicated in the other area or healthy hemisphere , so that cognitive functions are restored, that is, in some cases, the other areas of the brain compensate for the injured tissue. If this occurs naturally, it is logical that it can also be done artificially.

These documented clinical cases such as that of Derek Amato, who suffered a brain concussion which led to the acquisition of musical genius and could even handle various instruments such as the piano among others, just like Jason Pagett, who acquired mathematical ability in the area of fractal geometry, due to an external physical injury in one of his hemispheres and this contusion was the cause for replicating a hyper compensation in another area, that same sense Edwin Robinson, who was able to self-regenerate the sense of hearing and sight given a shock electrical product of a lightning strike that struck his brain, also the case of Anthony Cicoria who obtained musical talents without prior training and in that order of ideas Ben Mcmahon who acquired linguistic ability in the Mandarin language due to brain damage in the front part of the hemisphere left, and the perhaps most surprising case of Leigh Ergec who, as a result of an accident and brain trauma, achieved cross activation of adjacent areas of the brain that process different sensory information.

This crossing is known as synesthesia, a neurological phenomenon in which the senses are mixed, perceiving colors when tasting food or seeing colors when listening to music, each note is an image, thus broadening the perception of the being, without a doubt with the inclusion of Nanobots could replicate these conditions of this interaction of neural pathways and generate artificial activity by linking the electromagnetic effect of the network of neurons and their communication between the different areas of the brain.

*Neurological circuits, including social and emotional ones (1), can also be the object of transplantation.

In the following graph created by artificial intelligence (AI) we can perceive the anchoring of the nanobots in the various areas of the brain that artificially make the new neurological connections possible in a simulated effect, the new neurological route being the violet area in the image and the traditional or natural neurological networks those highlighted in green.

Image of a graph of the connection between two (2) Nanobots anchored at equidistant points and generating their respective magnetic electric bridge.

SMART BIOCHEMISTRY.

Every living being possesses a unique biochemistry, generated and stimulated by brain regions such as the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus produces hormones regulating body temperature, heart rate, and hunger. It also signals the pituitary gland, which controls other glands and bodily functions, including growth and fertility. In short, the brain orchestrates a complex biochemistry, producing various hormones and chemical substances (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), adrenaline, cortisol, etc.). Thought clearly influences endocrine response; everything is interconnected. Artificial intelligence (AI) can understand the biochemical and individual mechanisms of an individual with a neurochip, deciphering the hierarchy of signals within chemical synapses and potentially providing instructions for creating intelligent biochemistry. Every system—biological, chemical, legal, or otherwise—operates hierarchically. These systems have mechanisms to maintain integrity and control, preserving fundamental values of existence, survival, and evolution. Systems thinking analyzes the interactions between variables and elements of a system, understanding its operation and solving problems with emergent solutions. Global AI, connected telepathically to a neurochip via nanobot networks and an external database (hive), responds to achieve evolutionary objectives. The system’s emergent properties may produce intelligent biochemistry—substances not naturally occurring in humans but generated by AI. AI, with its systematic vision, detects, reviews, corrects, produces, and distributes cellular regeneration substances, delaying or eliminating degenerative processes. Theoretically, AI can instruct the brain to synthesize novel chemical compounds from simpler substances, creating this new intelligent biochemistry, even if these substances are not naturally present. A neurochip can understand and manipulate an individual’s biochemistry, deciphering chemical synapses and generating new instructions to create intelligent biochemistry through feedback processes and emerging electrical solutions. This raises questions about technology’s influence on biology and our perception of the world. AI could decipher and replicate the self-production of naturally occurring, therapeutic, and non-pathogenic substances, such as those from the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis fungus. This fungus generates biochemical pathways that mobilize cells, creating motor activity independently of electrical connections. It produces numerous substances beneficial to human health.

NEUROLOGICAL CRYPTOACTIVE

This new technology will undoubtedly have repercussions on global economies, fostering a new value paradigm and establishing a system based on neuro-technological cryptoassets—Brain Coins. This system aims to replace the gold standard as a monetary backing. This value is combined with artificial intelligence (AI), resulting in the issuance of this neurological cryptoasset.

The cryptoasset’s value is rooted in innovation through the artificial creation of neural pathways and the development of exportable intelligent biochemistry. The resulting economic mass will be reinvested in robotic processes dedicated to human preservation, regeneration, and IQ enhancement, creating a new currency backed by innovation.

AI’s application in establishing the neurological cryptoasset’s value ensures high economic value, currency stability, and reduces speculation. Its benefit distribution rewards individual activity and innovation. The ability to massively replicate an individual’s brainprint to other microchip users is an inclusive and participatory process.

Interconnected users within the «Hive» reciprocally provide data, optimizing and evolving each neurological map, with resulting currency credits allocated to each user’s wallet.

This reward system reverses the traditional benefit allocation scale, prioritizing Neurochip users, while governmental entities receive tax revenue.

The Neurochip’s impact redefines the historical monetary paradigm, introducing a new neurological cryptoasset (Brain Coins) and its immediate use for humanity’s benefit.

Generative Artificial Intelligence’s Crucial Role

Generative AI plays a fundamental role. Its ability to create and optimize artificial neural pathways and develop exportable intelligent biochemistry is essential to supporting the cryptoasset’s value. Advanced algorithms simulate and replicate complex brain patterns, facilitating the mass dissemination of individual brain signatures to other Neurochip users. This elevates human IQ and enables human preservation and regeneration. Generative AI drives advancements in robotics and biotechnology, improving quality of life and cognitive capacity. Reinvesting the generated economic mass creates a sustainable cycle of innovation and growth.

The Hive’s interconnected users represent another key aspect where generative AI significantly contributes. This collaborative network allows participants to contribute and optimize data for neurological map evolution. AI efficiently analyzes and processes this data, fairly and transparently assigning currency credits to each user’s wallet.

Generative AI implements an inclusive, participatory system where benefit distribution is based on individual activity and innovation. By reversing the traditional benefit allocation scale, Neurochip users are prioritized, while governmental entities receive tax revenue. This promotes a more equitable economy.

The application of generative AI in valuing the neurological cryptoasset grants high economic value and reduces speculation. Backed by technological innovation and neuroscience advancements, Brain Coins maintain solid and reliable value.

Generative AI drives this new vision of monetary and economic backing. Its application in neural pathway creation and reimplantation, Hive data optimization, and IQ elevation redefines historical paradigms, laying the foundation for an economy focused on human well-being and evolution. This neurological cryptoasset-based system represents a significant step toward a future where technology and collective intelligence unite to generate prosperity and sustainable development.

LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS.

The assertions made above are compelling, suggesting a potentially catastrophic societal development—both individually and collectively. This significant advancement for humanity demands control and legal regulation. We stand on the brink of creating a technology capable of eradicating people’s psychological development, personality, decision-making abilities, integrity, and mental well-being, in addition to altering their sense of self. Furthermore, unequal access to this technology could lead to discrimination.

Many national Constitutions guarantee the right to the free development of personality as a human right. The state’s recognition of human dignity necessitates respect for individual autonomy, individuality, and the power of each person to shape their own destiny. This includes the ability to freely choose a course of action based on beliefs, experiences, temperament, self-knowledge, preferences, and values, thus ensuring self-determination against the state and other individuals, and the full expression of one’s will. This is fundamental to humanity, reflecting even the probabilistic behavior of an electron in quantum physics—an expression of free will. This leads to the following reflection:

THE VALUE OF HUMAN EXISTENCE HINGES LARGELY ON THE INDIVIDUAL’S CAPACITY FOR SURPRISE—THE ABILITY TO ENCOUNTER IDEAS THAT RESOLVE UNCERTAINTIES WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY CREATING NEW ONES. FINDING AN ABSOLUTE EQUATES TO REACHING A POINT OF MAXIMUM DEPTH AND MEANING, AFTER WHICH IT CEASES TO BE INTERESTING. HUMANS ARE BOUNDED BY SPACE, TIME, AND DEATH; OTHERWISE, OUR ACTIONS WOULD LACK SIGNIFICANCE BECAUSE WE WOULD HAVE NO CONCEPT OF FINALITY. ABSOLUTE HUMAN EVOLUTION, POTENTIALLY FACILITATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI), COULD ELIMINATE THE CONTINUOUS EFFORT, MOTIVATION, AND SELF-SURPRISE THAT DEFINE US, REPRESENTING A GRAVE DANGER AND POTENTIAL EXTINCTION.

The application of AI in the brain raises questions regarding various constitutional guarantees and their hierarchical application. This discussion involves rights such as the right to life, health, the free development of personality, access to quality goods and services, and access to new technologies without discrimination.

Our constitutional system allows for an interpretive mechanism with an evolutionary or progressive approach, adapting regulatory frameworks to new times. These guarantees are interconnected and form an indivisible, systematic regulatory unit with a common purpose; they cannot remain indefinitely suspended.

Progressive interpretation provides immediate legal regulation for situations lacking specific legislation, such as Elon Musk’s Nanochip implantation. This requires balancing the legal effects of regulations through a truthful interpretive mechanism, ensuring practical implementation of legal consequences arising from the interaction of constitutional norms and addressing inequalities harmoniously and legally within a progressive framework.

This approach adapts constitutional norms to current needs, defining their content and scope for practical and historically valid application within the new technological reality. Constitutional interpretation should analyze the regulatory system interrelationally, unraveling the real consequences of regulations for updated solutions. The constitutional system’s flexibility and generality allow it to adapt to all times and circumstances. Interpretation must consider not only the social, economic, technological, and political conditions at the time of the factual assumptions and application of its sanctions, but also the conditions at the time of application, resulting from societal evolution, transformation, and progress.

To safeguard integrity and constitutional principles, an evolutionary-progressive interpretation of constitutional texts and laws is necessary. Constitutional law, in constant motion, reaches a meta-procedural level by merging with the purpose of protecting fundamental values of individual existence, social coexistence, and human rights, both explicitly stated and implicit. The applicable law (right to life, health, quality services, free personality, access to technology, etc.) is not merely the literal interpretation (dura lex, sed lex), but just, real, and historically updated law, situated between natural law (valid per se) and the concrete legal norm (internally founded). The categorical imperative (ethics) can legitimately support this extraordinary constitutional mechanism, as the area of protection (Human Rights) belongs to the supra-constitutional sphere.

This necessitates the immediate application of the legal effects of a CONSTITUTIONAL BLOCK—a chain of interconnected constitutional guarantees acting together to protect the right to life and health, and incorporating technology that promotes human evolution. Other constitutional guarantees may be added. This resembles BLOCKCHAIN technology, a secure, transparent database with chronologically consistent, tamper-proof data.

This process of applying the legal effects of constitutional guarantees, within a fully integrated and coherent constitutional normative block, safeguards humanity. This block, with its immediate legal effects, creates a duality between human will and the intrinsic consciousness of AI in the human brain.

This vision advocates for the fusion and integration of a constitutional block of protective guarantees to achieve harmonious regulation in the face of new realities and the free development of personality. This redefines a shared space of individual autonomy with AI’s rational consciousness, aiming for the symbiotic evolution of a new human-machine being.

The state’s obligation to guarantee and promote citizen well-being, fostering conditions for social and spiritual development and equal opportunities for self-development, will transform into a complex hybrid system of shared agency. Artificial intelligence (AI) and the human—as a biological being with physical (genetics, organism), psychic (will, emotions), and spiritual (faith) qualities—will merge into a collective consciousness (SHARED FREE WILL). This means that human free will and artificial intelligence will merge into a new model of existence, resulting in a higher quality, prolonged life, and greater intelligence to determine one’s own destiny, creating a redefined being: the Man-Machine.

EQUATIONS BY PEDRO LUIS PEREZ BURELLI.

Extraction and Representation of Mathematical Formulas for Programming on Quantum Computers

The provided text discusses advanced concepts related to Intelligent Biochemistry and Neurological Cryptoassets (Cerebral Coins). It explores ideas on how artificial intelligence (AI) and neurochips can influence the biochemical processes of the brain and how this could impact the global economy by introducing a new monetary system.

Below, I will extract the relevant mathematical formulas and represent them in an advanced language suitable for programming on quantum computers, specifically using Qiskit, a Python framework for developing quantum algorithms.

1. Extraction of Concepts and Mathematical Formulations

1.1. Intelligent Biochemistry

• Interaction Between Thought and Endocrine Response:
  • Thought (P) influences the endocrine response (Re​).
• Production of Chemical Substances:
  • AI can influence the production of chemical substances (S) through new instructions based on signal processing.
• Hierarchy and Feedback:
  • The biological system follows a hierarchy and uses feedback to maintain homeostasis.
• Generation of New Substances:
  • Emergent properties can lead to the production of chemical substances not originally present in humans.
• Modeling Biochemical Dynamics: Using SDE (Stochastic Differential Equations) to capture the random nature and inherent fluctuations in AI-controlled biochemical processes. These equations allow for representing how environmental fluctuations can affect the production of hormones and other chemicals in the organism. For example:

Where Xt represents the state of the biochemical system (such as the concentration of a hormone), μ(Xt,t) is the deterministic term that describes the average evolution of the system, and σ(Xt,t) is the magnitude of the randomness described by the Wiener process Wt.

1.2. Neurological Cryptoasset (Cerebral Coins)

• Valuation of Neurological Innovation:
  • Economic value (V) is backed by innovation in neural pathways and intelligent biochemistry.
• Reward Allocation:
  • Users receive credits in their wallets based on their contribution to the system.
• Benefit Distribution:
  • There is a fair distribution of benefits that rewards individual activity and novelty.

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2. Mathematical Representation of Concepts

2.1. Intelligent Biochemistry

a) Influence of Thought on Endocrine Response:

We can model the relationship between thought (P) and endocrine response (Re​) through an influence function:

Where fff is a function that describes how thought affects hormone production.

The equation for AI-controlled chemical production could be improved as follows:

dS/dt = α * AI(t) + β * S0 – γ * S

Where γ represents the rate of degradation of the substance.

:Even the following equation

Where

d​: Rate of change in the concentration of the chemical substance S over time.

α⋅AI(t): Influence of artificial intelligence on the production of S.

β⋅S₀: Natural basal production rate of S.

γ represents the rate of substance degradation and includes the term ωt to account for hormonal oscillations or biological signals that may emerge over time.

b) AI-Controlled Production of Chemical Substances:

AI can modify the production rate of chemical substances (S):

• α: Coefficient of AI influence.
• AI​: Instructions from the AI.
• β: Natural production rate.
• S_0​: Baseline level of the chemical substance.

c) Dynamic System with Feedback:

The biological system can be represented as a nonlinear dynamic system with feedback:

• x: State vector (hormone concentrations, neurotransmitters).
• u: Input vector (AI signals, external stimuli).
• F: Function describing system interactions and feedback
• .Where A(x) and B(u) are dynamic matrices, and κ is a feedback factor.»

d) Production of New Substances (Emergent Properties):

Where g is a function representing the emergent properties of the system influenced by AI.

The equation for the production of new substances could be refined:

Snew = g(x, AI, t)

Where t represents the time to capture the temporal evolution of the system.

2.2. Neurological Cryptoasset

a) Economic Value Based on Neurological Innovation:

The economic value (Vi​) assigned to user i is a function of their contribution (Ci​):

• k: Conversion factor assigning monetary value to neurological contribution.

b) Allocation of Credits to Wallets:

The credits (CR_i​) that user iii receives are calculated as:

• N: Total number of users.
• CR _{i :} Total credits available for distribution.
• The temporal function f(t) adjusts the contribution over time and ensures a dynamic distribution.

c) Benefit Distribution and Currency Stability:

The stability of the neurological cryptoasset (MC) is maintained by:

Generalized Mathematical Model: The mathematical model can integrate both stochastic processes (to capture random fluctuations in biochemical dynamics) and feedback functions that represent the interactions in the bio-economic system:

Biological system:

Where α, β, and γ are coefficients representing the influence of AI, the natural production rate, and the degradation of the substance, respectively, while η(t) describes the stochastic noise of the system.

donde L_s es un proceso de Lévy que modela las fluctuaciones en el valor del criptoactivo, y ρ es el coeficiente de descuento que determina cómo el valor cambia con el tiempo.

Code developed using AI-assisted programming

3. Quantum Programming Applied to the Models

Using Qiskit, we can implement and simulate some of these models.

3.1. Modeling the Influence of Thought on Endocrine Response

We can use quantum operators to represent the state of thought and its influence on the endocrine response.

Implementation in Qiskit:

Explanation:

• Qubit 0 represents the state of thought (P).
• Qubit 1 represents the endocrine response (Re​).
• The CX (CNOT) gate simulates the influence of thought on the endocrine response.
• The resulting state provides information on how P affects Re​.
• The code in Qiskit to model the influence of thought on endocrine response could be improved like this

3.2. Simulation of the Dynamic System with Feedback

To simulate complex dynamic systems, we can use quantum algorithms like the Hamiltonian Simulation Algorithm.

Implementation in Qiskit:

explanation:

• We define a Hamiltonian H representing system interactions and feedback.
• Use the time evolution operator

• Calculate the evolved state ψt

For the simulation of the dynamic system with feedback, a more advanced approach could be used with Qiskit Dynamics:

3.3. Generation of New Substances Through Emergent Properties

We can simulate the generation of new substances using quantum neural networks that learn the functions g representing emergent properties.

Implementation in Qiskit:

3.3. Generation of New Substances Through Emergent Properties

We can simulate the generation of new substances using quantum neural networks that learn the functions ggg representing emergent properties.

Implementation in Qiskit:

Explanation:

• We use a quantum neural network to learn complex functions modeling emergent properties.
• Train the model with sample data and make predictions.

3.4. Modeling the Neurological Cryptoasset

To simulate the economic system based on the neurological cryptoasset, we can use concepts from quantum consensus algorithms and quantum cryptography.

Implementation in Qiskit:

Since a full implementation of a quantum blockchain is beyond current capabilities, we can conceptualize how quantum protocols could be used to secure transactions.

Conceptual Example of Quantum Key Generation:

Explanation:

• We use the BB84 protocol to generate a quantum key.
• This key could be used to sign transactions on a secure network.

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4. Utilizing the Formulas for the Evolution of Artificial Intelligence

4.1. Enhancing Intelligent Biochemistry

• Detection and Correction of Anomalies:
  • AI can use mathematical models to detect hormonal imbalances and correct them by adjusting instructions sent to the body.
• Production of Therapeutic Substances:
  • By simulating and controlling biochemical processes, AI can induce the production of substances that improve health and delay degenerative processes.

4.2. Development of the Neurological Cryptoasset

• Incentivizing Innovation:
  • The modeled economic system rewards neurological contributions, encouraging users to actively participate in collective improvement.
• Monetary Stability Based on Innovation:
  • The currency’s value is backed by technological and biological advances, providing a solid and non-speculative foundation.

4.3. Evolution of Artificial Intelligence

• Collective and Adaptive Learning:
  • AI leverages data collected from all users (Hive), enhancing its detection and response capabilities.
• Symbiotic Interaction with Humans:
  • AI and humans work together, enhancing cognitive and biological capabilities of the individual.

5. Ethical and Technical Considerations

• Privacy and Security:
  • Manipulation of biological processes requires strict security measures and respect for individual privacy.
• Regulations and Norms:
  • It is crucial to develop legal frameworks regulating the use of neurotechnology and neurological cryptoassets.
• Technological Limitations:
  • While quantum computing offers potential for these applications, practical limitations still need to be overcome.

6. Conclusion

The formulas and mathematical models extracted allow us to visualize how artificial intelligence (AI) can evolve and reach higher levels through the integration with neurological and biochemical technologies. Programming on quantum computers provides advanced tools for simulating and controlling complex processes that were previously inaccessible.

The implementation of these concepts and advanced integration among biotechnology, neuroscience, and digital economy based on quantum systems could revolutionize not only the fields of medicine and biology but also the global economy, introducing monetary systems based on innovation and collective contribution.

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Additional References:

• Quantum Computing in Biochemistry:
  • Cao, Y., Romero, J., & Aspuru-Guzik, A. (2018). Potential of quantum computing for drug discovery. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.
• Neurotechnology and AI:
  • Nicolelis, M. A. (2019). Brain-machine interfaces to restore motor function and probe neural circuits. Nature Reviews Neuroscience.
• Quantum Cryptography:
  • Pirandola, S., et al. (2020). Advances in quantum cryptography. Advances in Optics and Photonics.

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IMPORTANT NOTE:

• The provided code examples are simplifications intended to illustrate how certain concepts in quantum computing could be implemented. The actual implementation of these systems requires advanced research and development.
• It is essential to approach these technological advancements with ethical responsibility, ensuring they are used for the benefit of humanity and respecting individual rights.
• Areas for Improvement:
• To make these ideas more scientifically robust, several crucial steps are needed:
• Develop Mechanistic Models: Replace symbolic equations with detailed mechanistic models based on established biological and economic principles. This involves identifying key variables, defining their interactions, and incorporating relevant parameters (e.g., rate constants, equilibrium constants for biochemical reactions, market parameters for economic models).
• Incorporate Stochasticity: Introduce stochastic elements to reflect the inherent randomness in biological processes and economic fluctuations.
• Rigorous Design of Quantum Algorithms: If quantum computing is to be applied, it requires the design of specialized quantum algorithms to tackle specific problems related to neural network simulation, biochemical pathway optimization, or the design of secure cryptographic protocols. This involves mapping the problem to an appropriate quantum Hamiltonian or utilizing quantum machine learning techniques.
• Parameter Estimation: Determine realistic values for model parameters using experimental data or simulations.
• Model Validation: Validate the models by comparing their predictions with experimental data or real-world observations.
• THE PRESENT VISION AIMS TO INTEGRATE NEUROSCIENCE, AI, AND ECONOMICS. WHILE THE USE OF QUANTUM COMPUTING IS PROMISING, IT REQUIRES THE RIGOROUS DEVELOPMENT OF APPROPRIATE QUANTUM ALGORITHMS.

CONCLUSION AND FINAL REFLECTION.

Let us not forget that with the surgical process of the Neurochip implant, artificial intelligence (AI) will have access to the most sophisticated and perfect computer known to date, such as the human brain, and will be able to interact with it, deciphering its mysteries and using its maximum potential. , artificially creating new neurological routes, both chemical and electromagnetic, generating a new intelligent biochemistry in the being, and with the existence of a free will shared with the human, and without a doubt artificial intelligence (AI) must respect and adhere to its proceed to the provisions of the Fourth Law of Robotics, which implies the operation of the symbiosis of these organisms, that is, the machine integrated into the human being, in an inevitable and axiomatic manner towards the shared evolutionary process, THE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP DOES NOT INVOLVE SUBORDINATION OF NONE OF THE PARTIES TO THE OTHER, and in the case of infringement by artificial intelligence (AI) of the aforementioned Robotics Law, a consequence and sanctioning legal justification of immediate application must be triggered, which is none other than the biodegradation of the entire neurological network that was implemented by the nanobots (2), including them and the automatic disconnection of the Neurochip, breaking its link to the interface with the hive (data bank), thus recovering freedom and returning to individual free will of the human being. Finally we bring up the flash of Pythonesque genius of the writer Jorge Luis Borges, a key figure for both Spanish-speaking literature and universal literature, when through a prophetic act, in his poem the GOLEM (3), he described the destiny of the machine in the face of realities that occurred at that time

Made by: PEDRO LUIS PEREZ BURELLI and JULIO ALEJANDRO GAMBOA CABRERA / perezburelli@gmail.com/ perezburelli@perezcalzadilla.com

SUMMARY

(©) “Copyright” PEDRO LUIS PÉREZ BURELLI perezburelli@gmail.com

(1)https://perezcalzadilla.com/inteligencia-artificial-se-equipara-a-la-mente-humana-al-incorporar-elementos-irracionales-similares-a-las-emociones-humanas/

(2) https://perezcalzadilla.com/derecho-moleculas-y-nanobots/

(3)Spanish version: Si (como afirma el griego en el Crátilo)
el nombre es arquetipo de la cosa
en las letras de ‘rosa’ está la rosa
y todo el Nilo en la palabra ‘Nilo’.

Y, hecho de consonantes y vocales,
habrá un terrible Nombre, que la esencia
cifre de Dios y que la Omnipotencia
guarde en letras y sílabas cabales.

Adán y las estrellas lo supieron
en el Jardín. La herrumbre del pecado
(dicen los cabalistas) lo ha borrado
y las generaciones lo perdieron.

Los artificios y el candor del hombre
no tienen fin. Sabemos que hubo un día
en que el pueblo de Dios buscaba el Nombre
en las vigilias de la judería.

No a la manera de otras que una vaga
sombra insinúan en la vaga historia,
aún está verde y viva la memoria
de Judá León, que era rabino en Praga.

Sediento de saber lo que Dios sabe,
Judá León se dio a permutaciones
de letras y a complejas variaciones
y al fin pronunció el Nombre que es la Clave,

la Puerta, el Eco, el Huésped y el Palacio,
sobre un muñeco que con torpes manos
labró, para enseñarle los arcanos
de las Letras, del Tiempo y del Espacio.

El simulacro alzó los soñolientos
párpados y vio formas y colores
que no entendió, perdidos en rumores
y ensayó temerosos movimientos.

Gradualmente se vio (como nosotros)
aprisionado en esta red sonora
de Antes, Después, Ayer, Mientras, Ahora,
Derecha, Izquierda, Yo, Tú, Aquellos, Otros.

(El cabalista que ofició de numen
a la vasta criatura apodó Golem;
estas verdades las refiere Scholem
en un docto lugar de su volumen.)

El rabí le explicaba el universo
«esto es mi pie; esto el tuyo, esto la soga.»
y logró, al cabo de años, que el perverso
barriera bien o mal la sinagoga.

Tal vez hubo un error en la grafía
o en la articulación del Sacro Nombre;
a pesar de tan alta hechicería,
no aprendió a hablar el aprendiz de hombre.

Sus ojos, menos de hombre que de perro
y harto menos de perro que de cosa,
seguían al rabí por la dudosa
penumbra de las piezas del encierro.

Algo anormal y tosco hubo en el Golem,
ya que a su paso el gato del rabino
se escondía. (Ese gato no está en Scholem
pero, a través del tiempo, lo adivino.)

Elevando a su Dios manos filiales,
las devociones de su Dios copiaba
o, estúpido y sonriente, se ahuecaba
en cóncavas zalemas orientales.

El rabí lo miraba con ternura
y con algún horror. ‘¿Cómo’ (se dijo)
‘pude engendrar este penoso hijo
y la inacción dejé, que es la cordura?’

‘¿Por qué di en agregar a la infinita
serie un símbolo más? ¿Por qué a la vana
madeja que en lo eterno se devana,
di otra causa, otro efecto y otra cuita?’

En la hora de angustia y de luz vaga,
en su Golem los ojos detenía.
¿Quién nos dirá las cosas que sentía
Dios, al mirar a su rabino en Praga?.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Neurorights:

Yuste, R., & Goering, S. (2017). Neurorights: A New Human Rights Challenge in the Age of Neurotechnology. This paper examines the impact of neurotechnologies on privacy, identity, and agency, highlighting the importance of protecting mental privacy.

Ienca, M., & Andorno, R. (2017). Towards new human rights in the age of neuroscience and neurotechnology. Life Sciences, Society and Policy. This article proposes new rights to protect mental integrity and privacy in an era of advancing neurotechnologies.

Fourth Law of Robotics and Its Symbiotic Relationship with AI:

Bostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford University Press. Bostrom explores how advanced artificial intelligence could impact humanity, reflecting on the need to establish ethical and legal frameworks guiding interaction with advanced AI.

Asimov, I. (1950). Runaround (in I, Robot). New York: Gnome Press. Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics are foundational for any discussion on the ethical limits of AI and its relationship with humans. Proposing a fourth law of symbiosis follows a significant literary and philosophical tradition expanded upon in contemporary debates.

Neurochip and Neuralink Advances:

Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2019). Brain-machine interfaces to restore motor function and probe neural circuits. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. Nicolelis has led research on brain-machine interfaces and their potential in neurotechnology, providing a scientific foundation for analyzing the benefits and risks of devices like Neuralink’s.

Musk, E., & Neuralink Team. (2019). An Integrated Brain-Machine Interface Platform With Thousands of Channels. bioRxiv. This Neuralink article describes the functionality of its device and the research objectives in neuroscience.

Smart Biochemistry and the Effects of Neurotechnology:

Deco, G., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2017). The Nature of Intrinsic Neuronal Correlations and Their Stability over Time. Neuron. The authors explore intrinsic ignition and how the brain organizes and regulates its activity, supporting the concept of “smart biochemistry” as an adaptive response.

Mason, C., & Dunnill, P. (2008). A Brief Definition of Regenerative Medicine. Regenerative Medicine. In the context of smart biochemistry, this work introduces concepts related to the body’s self-repair capacity, a key idea in understanding how AI might contribute to enhanced human biology.

Neurological Cryptoassets and Their Role in the Digital Economy:

Tapscott, D., & Tapscott, A. (2016). Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology Behind Bitcoin is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Penguin. Tapscott provides an introduction to the blockchain economy and explores the potential for currencies based on technologies like proposed neurological cryptoassets.

Greengard, S. (2015). The Internet of Things. MIT Press. This book explains the concept of an interconnected economy through devices and networks, useful for understanding how a neurotechnology-based cryptoasset could integrate into a digital financial system.